The most common oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma scc that affects the tissue lining of the oral cavity 5. Research objectives background oral viral infections and lesions may develop during the acute phase of hiv1 infection, early in the transition from hiv1 infection to full blown aids, and if untreated, these infections and ulcerations may persist throughout the disease and add to the morbidity and mortality of the illness. Bacterial infections of the oral cavity tuberculosis. Oral cancer or oral cavity cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, is any cancerous tissue growth located in the oral cavity 24. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about fungal infection in o ral cavity ppt. Recognizing these oral lesions often provides important. Streptococcus mutans is related to caries and blackpigmentedbacteroides species are suspected pathogens in periodontal disease. Viral oral infections are virus that can affect the mouth and oral area. People with viral oral infections get them from coming into contact with an infected person, their nasal and throat secretions through sneezing and coughing, feces through inadequate hygiene or contact with contaminated objects. Shafers textbook of oral pathology 7th edition pdf free shafers textbook of oral pathology the periodic and timely revisions of shafers textbook of oral pathology have brought out a treatise, well conceived and written with the aim of updating. Microbial diseases of the mouth and oral cavity microbiology.
Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics of common oral infections. Fungal infections candidiasis 45 yeast like fungus candida albicans c. Cde oral pathology and oral medicine 2 oral infections viral infections viruses consist of. The risk of infection of the oral cavity with type 18 increased in men diagnosed with hiv for more than 6 years. Three mechanisms or pathways linking oral infections to secondary systemic effects have been proposed 6. Viral infections of the oral cavity usually manifest as either ulceration or blistering presentation of oral tissues. Guillermondi most opportunistic infection in the world causes infections by superficial invasion. Oral cancer is the eleventh most common cancer in the world with an estimated 267,000 cases and. Bacterial infection of the oral cavity part 1 intelligent. Sep 25, 2015 when saliva flow is reduced, oral health problems such as dental caries and oral infections can develop. The oral cavity, eyes and genitalia are affected by hsv1, whereas the genitalia are mainly involved in hsv2.
Oral manifestations of systemic disease hairy leukoplakia. Viral infections and diseases of the oral cavity flashcards. They are most commonly found in the buccal mucosa, palatal mucosa, gingiva and tongue, although they may develop in any region of the oral mucosa 18, 19, 22, 23. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sayan bhattacharyyaet al fungal infections of the oral cavity int j cur res rev, june 20 vol 05 12 page 86 optical brighteners like calcofluor white is a faster method since the dye binds. Viral infections typically present with abrupt onset and association of solitary or multiple blister or ulcerations. It provides a source of water and nutrients, as well as a moderate temperature. Swelling within the oral cavity or cheeks, along with a history of progressively worsening tooth pain and fevers, is usually enough evidence to support the diagnosis of a mouth infection. Four of the eight identified herpesviruses that cause human disease are responsible for oral ulcerations.
The risk of infection of the oral cavity with type 18 increased in men diagnosed with hiv for more than 6years. Among the most severe, persistent, frequent, and recurrent infections in the oral cavity of the hivinfected patient are those caused by herpesviruses. Odontogenic orofacial infections arise either from dental caries or periodontal infections that have extended beyond the alveolar bone to involve the fascial spaces around the face and oral cavity. Oral or intravenous administration of antiviral drugs and. Oral infections, a mirror of our overall health condition. However, recent evidence points to a certain specificity in these infections. Mouth infections are usually diagnosed on history and physical exam in the dental office or at a clinic visit with an otolaryngologist. Infections of the mouth and oral cavity can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. View and download powerpoint presentations on fungal infection in o ral cavity ppt. The oral cavity is home to a rich flora of bacteria. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is an infection of the oral cavity caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 figure 1111. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades.
Bacterial infections of the oral mucosa constitute an increasing problem, especially among older people in most countries. The clinical presentation of various viral conditions is discussed in this article and will provide the family practitioner with an up to date guide to better diagnosis and management. Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa. The plethora of mammalian viruses in the lesions seen in periodontitis proposes. May 30, 2018 members of the human herpesvirus hhv and human papillomavirus hpv families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. Oral and maxillofacial infections is the gold standard of dental books dealing with oral and facial infections, comprehensively addressing all aspects of the diagnosis and management of infections of the jaws. These are some of the acute and chronic infections of the oral cavity affecting the maxillary and mandibular jaws, there are many more cysts and tumors which affect the oral cavity like the dentigerous cyst, ameloblastoma, radicular cyst, cementoma, etc. The oral cavity is the primary site of many viral illnesses as well as a site with specific manifestations of more systemic viral disease.
Obligate intracellular parasites enters host cell in order to replicate. Members of the human herpesvirus hhv and human papillomavirus hpv families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. Keeping these main health issues in mind, the common oral infections like tooth. The role of several viruses in ulceration is well known, but viruses of the herpes family may play a role in periodontitis, and papillomaviruses are probably involved in oral cancer. Transferred through the air on dust particles or water droplets some may require intimate and direct contact. Thus, the early recognition of such infections is paramount for holistic patient management, and oral clinicians have a critical role in recognizing, diagnosing, managing, and preventing either new or old orofacial infections. Common dental infections in the primary care setting. Viruses are probably more involved in diseases associated with the oral cavity than has been previously thought. Oral pathology bacterial infections of the oral cavity youtube.
Viral and fungal infections of the oral cavity sciencedirect. High prevalent human papillomavirus infections of the oral. The virus infects a skin lesion, leading to severe blistering and erosion on the whole body. Oral infections are very common and may be a sign of an illness involving other parts of the body. They include the herpes simplex virus, hand, foot and mouth disease hfmd, and in some cases, human papillomavirus or hpv. Manifestations in the oral cavity in infectious diseases in children. Shafers textbook of oral pathology 7th edition pdf free.
Fungus infections of the oral cavity read before the section on histology, physiology, pathology, bacteriology and chemistry research at the seventysixth annual session of the american dental association, st. Oral microbiology is the study of the microorganisms microbiota of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host. The environment present in the human mouth is suited to the growth of characteristic microorganisms found there. The cause in most cases is infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 hsv1.
Jan 03, 2012 this entry was posted in oral care and tagged anug, bacterial infection of the oral cavity, noma, scarlet fever on january 3, 2012 by meifong. In the primary infection, the virus ascends through sensory and autonomic nerves, where it. Intro what is a virus basic structure sequlae of infection classification 3. Thus, the visible oral manifestations may appear some distance from the affected tooth. Most viral infections occur across mucosal membranes. Fungus infections of the oral cavity sciencedirect.
Orofacial infections may cause significant discomfort to the patients and unnecessary economic burden. Although most of these infections can be controlled by oral hygiene measures, these infections are directly related to the immunity and health status of an individual. Department of oral pathology and oral biology, school of dentistry, faculty of health sciences, university of pretoria. Fungal infections of the oral cavity linkedin slideshare. These infections tend to spread along planes of least resistance from the supporting structures of the affected tooth. Concomitant general symptoms such as fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy are observed in a few viral conditions.
A chronic periodontal abscess is a longstanding infection, which has communication with the oral cavity either through the opening of a periodontal pocket or via a sinus tract fistula. Common dental infections in the primary care setting duc huu nguyen, do, university of california at irvine family health center. Common bacterial and viral diseases transmitted from the oral cavity study guide by dental1235 includes 38 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Cde oral pathology and oral medicine 6 oral infections thickened mucosa extends upward, above normal surface, so that lesional rete ridges are at same level as normal rete ridges. Indigenous microbes that cause oral ois can consist of species native to the oral cavity, or arise from niches proximal or distal to the mouth. Saliva plays a key role in protecting the body from a wide variety of viral infections in addition to its role in controlling the colonization of bacteria in the oral cavity. Oral viral infections are encountered in dental practice but received less clinical interest due to the lesser frequency of patients and diagnostic challenges. However, the advent of the tools of molecular biology, particularly various pcrbased methods, has changed the situation. The fact that only european variants of hpv16 were found in the oral cavity suggest a possible tropism not previously described. Herpes simplex is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 hsv1 or type 2 hsv2. Nosocomial pneumonia, especially ventilatorassociated pneumonia, is a common infection in icus. Oct 11, 2014 viral infections of the oral cavity 1.
The main etiologic factors involve colonizing and opportunistic bacteria from the oral cavity. Herpetic gingivostomatitis an overview sciencedirect. Viral oral infections are diseases of the mouth that are caused by viruses. In almost all infections in the oral cavity, mixed populations of bacteria are present. Oral hygiene measures, including the use of oral antiseptic agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven useful in reducing its incidence. This article focuses on common viral infections in the oral cavity with associated systemic manifestations. Oral manifestations of viral infections van heerden wfp, bchd, mchd oral path, fc path sa oral path, phd, dsc department of oral pathology and oral biology, university of pretoria correspondence to. List of acute and chronic infections of oral cavity. Acut e viral hepatitis australian antigen with hepatitis delta and hepatic coma b16. Herpes simplex hsv i and ii skin, mucosa, eye and cns 4. Viral infections of oral cavity global events usa europe. Antibiotics are indicated for the treatment of odontogenic infections, oral nonodontogenic infections, as prophylaxis.
Apr 26, 2014 call and register to join 9989626152 25 week daily session 5 8 pm monday to friday 400 hours of live online classes for mds entrance preparation. Bergquist 1 argues that parasites in the oral cavity are more common than previously thought, and that. Viral infections and diseases of the oral cavity science. Infections of the oral cavity are most commonly odontogenic in origin and include dental caries, periapical infections, gingivitis, periodontal infections and abscesses, and deep fascial space infections. Major viral families in the human oral cavity table 1 and the text below describe important viruses associated with oral diseases of adults. Feb 12, 2010 the oral cavity is home to a rich flora of bacteria. These are metastatic spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia, metastatic injury from the effects of circulating oral microbial toxins, and metastatic in. Viral diseases infections of the oral cavity, oral mucosa and perioral regions are generally encountered by dentists and have not received the required recognition until recently and viruses are both ulcerogenic and the tumorigenic agents of human oral cavity. A number of soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity, which present as tumor masses or ulcerations, are indeed reactive in nature and represent inflammations induced by irritation or by unknown mechanisms. Reactive nodules of the oral cavity are fairly common and are a diverse group. Single or double strand dna or rna protein coat capsid often with an envelope. What are the most common types of viral oral infections.
Dr ravikumar v, jr ii, dept of oral path, gdc, kottayam 2. These viruses are usually very contagious and can cause painful oral sores, depending on the type of oral virus. Fungal infections of the oral cavity free download as powerpoint presentation. Composition and production saliva is an exocrine solution consisting of 99% water. Periodontology 2000 oral viral infections of adults. A viral disease of the oral cavity is the infectious type of pathology affecting oral tissues. The oral cavity, tongue, teeth and gums speak volumes about our health.
Although parasite clinical infections are rare in the oral cavity, they can be severe in affected individuals. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Infections of the oral cavity, neck, and head infectious. Viruses are by nature more difficult to detect, at least with traditional methods such as in vitro cultivation. It is often induced by hsv reactivation in patients with atopic dermatitis. Dec 31, 2017 video lecture on diagnosis of parasitic infections affecting oral cavity. Periodontal diseases, endodontic infections and submucous abscesses in the oral cavity are probably. Many biomolecules in saliva have antiviral activities for specific viruses 74.
A smaller range of fungal infections, notably candida species, may affect the mouth, although deep mycotic infections such as histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, mucormycoses and paracoccidioidomycosis may occasionally give rise to oral manifestations. Oral manifestations of viral infections article pdf available in official journal of the south african academy of family practiceprimary care 488. All suspicious lesions, however, should be examined by biopsy. Herpes simplex virus hsv infection the herpes viridae family of viruses contains nine different viruses that are pathogenic in humans in general, infections above the waist are caused by hsv 1 and hose below the waist by hsv 2,although with changing sexual practices, it is not uncommon to culture hsv 2 from oral lesions and vice versa the most common. Rubeola nineday or red measles measles, a disease recognised for over two thousand years, is a highly contagious, acute infection caused by the rubella virus. A large number of viral infections manifest themselves as exanthems. Oral lesions are the first site of pv involvement in about 80% of patients 20, 21. Manifestations in the oral cavity in infectious diseases in.
Viral diseases may either occur due to cellular destruction or consequence of immune reaction following viral proteins. Enterococcus faecalis plays an important role in human oral cavity infections and may be one of the important species in endodontic treatment failure. Start studying viral infections and diseases of the oral cavity. Oral ois are initiated by either exogenously acquired pathogens or resident host flora. Many of these infections only affect the mouth, but some can spread and become systemic infections. The oral cavity may be the location of many of these exanthems either alone or as a component of other physical findings. Gingivitis, shallow lip and tongue ulcers with pseudomembranes. A wide range of viral infections can give rise to oral manifestations andor may reside within the mouth. Bacterial infections of the oral cavity free ebook download as powerpoint presentation. Members of the herpes virus family which are some of the most common human viruses. Bacterial infections of the oral mucosa request pdf.